TOPIC 9: NATURE IN DANGER

TOPIC 9: NATURE IN DANGER

A. VOCABULARY:

1. agriculture ['ægrikʌlt∫ə] (n) nông nghiệp 2. cheetah ['t∫i:tə] (n) loài báo gêpa 3. co-exist ['kouig'zist] (v) sống chung, tồn tại 4. consequence ['kɔnsikwəns] (n) hậu quả 5. destruction [dis'trʌk∫n] (n) sự phá hủy 6. dinosaur ['dainəsɔ:] (n) khủng long 7. disappear [,disə'piə] (v) biến mất 8. endangered [in'deindʒəd](a) bị nguy hiểm 9. estimate ['estimit] (v) ước tính 10. extinct [iks'tiηkt] (a) tuyệt chủng 11. human race ['hju:mən'reis] (n)             nhân loại 12. in danger ['deindʒə] (exp) có nguy cơ 13. capture ['kæpt∫ə] (v) bắt 14. cultivation [,kʌlti'vei∫n] (n) trồng trọt 15. cut down (v) đốn 16. discharge [dis't∫ɑ:dʒ] (v) thải ra, đổ ra 17. discourage [dis'kʌridʒ] (v) không khuyến khích, làm nãn lòng 18. encourage [in'kʌridʒ](v) khuyến khích 19. fertilizer ['fə:tilaizə] (n) phân bón 20. devastating ['devəsteitiη] (a) tàn phá

21. interference [,intə'fiərəns] (n) sự can thiệp 22. make sure (v) đảm bảo 23. nature ['neit∫ə] (n) thiên nhiên 24. offspring ['ɔ:fspriη] (n) con cháu, dòng dõi 25. pollutant [pə'lu:tənt] (n) chất gây ô nhiễm 26. prohibit [prə'hibit] (v) cấm 27. rare [reə] (a) hiếm 28. responsible [ri'spɔnsəbl] (a) có trách nhiệm 29. result in [ri'zʌlt] (v) gây ra 30. scatter ['skætə] (v) phân tán 31. serious ['siəriəs] (a) nghiêm trọng 32. species ['spi:∫i:z] (n) giống, loài 33. whale [weil] (n) cá voi 34. pesticide ['pestisaid] (n) thuốc trừ sâu 35. threaten ['θretn] (v) đe dọa 36. maintenance ['meintinəns] (n) sự giữ gìn, duy trì 37. preserve  [pri'zə:v] (v) bảo tồn 38. protect [prə'tekt] (v) bảo vệ 39. abundant [ə'bʌndənt] (a) dồi dào, phong phú 40. coastal waters [koust 'wɔ:tə] (n) duyên hải

B. GRAMMAR: RELATIVE PRONOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS

Ôn về cấu trúc RELATIVE với giới từ đứng trước.
Eg: This is the house. I live in it.      => This is the house in which I live.
Giới từ in ở sau động từ live nhưng cũng có thể đem nó ra trước which. Cần nhớ là chỉ có WHICH và WHOM mới có thể đi sau giới từ, còn các chữ khác như THAT, WHOSE .. thì không thể .
Eg: This is the chair. I sit on it.
=> This is the chair on that I sit. (sai) => This is the chair on which I sit. (đúng)
Chú ý các cụm từ chỉ định lượng đi với of: both of, none of, one of, two of, neither of, most of ..... phải đem cả cụm ra trước which, whom
Eg: I have many dogs . You like none of them => I have many dogs none of which you like.
Trong cấu trúc này những giới từ không thể đem ra phía trước vì giới từ đó hợp với động từ thành một cụm động từ dính liền nên không thể tách rời chúng được.
Eg: Come across (tình cờ gặp), look after (chăm sóc), put up with (chịu đựng), give up (từ bỏ)....
Eg: This is the man .I came across him yesterday
=> This is the man across whom I came yesterday. (sai)
=> This is the man whom I came across yesterday. (đúng)

C. PRACTICE TEST

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

1.      A. scatter                          B. nature                    C. danger                    D. race

2.      A. exactly                          B. exist                        C. exhaust                   D. extinct

3.      A. feature                                     B. species                   C. weather                  D. decrease

4.      A. survive                                     B. prohibit                  C. fertilizer                 D. environment

5.      A. decreased                   B. influenced              C. endangered           D. established

II. Choose the one word or phrase - A, B, C, or D - that best completes the sentences.

6.      What exactly is the influence of air pollution ______ human beings?

A. to                                  B. with                        C. on                            D. for

7.      The campaign will hopefully ensure the survival ______ the tiger.

A. of                                  B. for                           C. to                             D. on

8.      It is possible for local wildlife to coexist ______ industry.

A. to                                  B. of                            C. in                             D. with

9.      The health of our children is being ______ by exhaust fumes.

A. danger                          B. endanger               C. dangerous              D. endangered

10.  The society was set up to ______ endangered species from extinction.

A. prevent                        B. distinguish                         C. preserve                 D. survive

11.  If people stop destroying animal's natural habitat, more species will survive and produce ______. A. offspring B. ecology                   C. landscape               D. benefit

12.  People in this region cultivate mainly rice and vegetables.

A. destroy                         B. grow                       C. develop                  D. support

13.  Among the problems facing the national park's manager, the most serious ones are those of ______ and expansion. A. improvement   B. reassessment  C. distinction  D. maintenance

14.  Oil spills are having a devastating effect on coral reefs in the ocean.

A. powerful                      B. significant              C. disastrous D. detectable

15.  The factory was fined for ______ chemicals into the river.

A. discharging                  B. dumping                 C. producing              D. exposing.

III. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence.

16.  Jean Fragonard was a French artist ______ portrait of children.

A. whose paintings          B. who has painted   C. who painted           D. whose painted

17.  The smoke from burning fuels causes pollution if it ______ into the atmosphere.

A. releases                        B. is released             C. will be released     D. released.

18.  Portland, Maine, is ______ the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow spent his early years.

A. where                           B. it where                  C. where is                 D. which is where

19.  Walkers can unwittingly damage the fragile environment ______.

A. that the birds live  B. where the birds live in C. which live the birds D. in which the birds live

20.  Wild animals ______ in their natural habitat will have a better and longer life than those which are kept in protected areas.

A. live                                B. to live                     C. living                       D. lived

21.  There should be some measures to protect the humpback whale, ______ an endangered species.

A. to consider                  B. considered             C. consider                 D. is considered

22.  We should participate in the movement ______ to conserve the natural environment.

A. organized                     B. to organize            C. organizing              D. organize

23.  The purchase of wild animals ______.

A. should ban                   B. must ban                C. have to be banned D. must be banned

24.  The school has been given 20 computers, half of ______ are brand new.

A. that                               B. those                      C. them                       D. which

25.  The computer, ______ the memory capacity has just been upgraded, is among the latest generations.  A. that           B. whose                     C. of which                 D. which of

IV. Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.

26.  Despite of a language barrier, humans have managed to communicate with others through sign language, in which certain motions stand for letters, words, or ideas.

      A. Despite of                    B. humans                  C. with others            D. in which

27.  Radio stations at which broadcast only news first appeared in the 1970s.                   

A. at which                       B. only news              C. appeared                D. in the

28.  JKL Motorbikes sells six different models, the first which they started making in 1985.

A. sells                              B. which                      C. started                                D. making

29.  Visitors were not permitted entering the park after dark because of the lack of security and lighting. A. were                B. entering                       C. because of              D. lack of

30.  If Monique had not attended the party, she never would meet her old friend Dan, whom she had not seen in years.

A. not attended                B. never would meet             C. whom                     D. had not seen

V. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.

represents                 fueled       oversee      alarming    lost          imported establish               reduced    covered      sought      derived     cleared

The rate at which the deforestation of the world is proceeding is (31)_________. In the 1950 approximately 25 percent of the earth's land surface had been (32)_________ with forests, and less than twenty-five years later -the amount of the forest land was (33)_________ to 20 percent. This decrease from 25 percent to 20 percent from 1950 to 1973 (34)_________ an astounding 20 million square kilometers of forests. Predictions are that all, additional 20 million square kilometers of forest land will be (35)_________ by 2020.

The majority of deforestation is occuring in the tropical forests in developing countries, (36)_________ by the developing countries' need for increased agricultural land and the desire on the part of developed countries to import wood and wood products. More than 90 percent of the plywood used in the United States, for example, is (37)_________ from, developing countries with tropical rain forests. By the mid-1980s, solutions to this expanding problem were being (38)_________, in the form of attempts to (39)_________ an international regulatory organization to (40)_________ the use of tropical forests.

VI. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.

The natural world is under violent assault from man.

The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage. The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is poisoned.

It's little wonder forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. Yet the destruction continues.

Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth's mineral riches and to plunder its living resources. The great rainforests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened. And this despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people.

Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the Earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life forms which share this planet with us.

But there is still hope. The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe - and at the spearhead of this challenge is Greenpeace.

Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace has made a stand.

Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and industri1es into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed. Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions.

Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining Greenpeace today. Thank God someone's making waves.

41.    Which of these statements is not made?

A. Drinking water is polluted.                           B. Radioactive waste poisons the sea.

C. Sewage isn't processed.                                D. Cars and factories poison the air.

42.    The writer ___________.

A. is surprised that the rain is poisoned         B. is unsured why the air is polluted

C. wonders why the natural world is being destroyed

D. understands why forests and lakes are being destroyed

43.    Rainforests are being destroyed because governments and industries ______.

A. are unaware of what they're doing wrong            B. are rich and powerful

C. choose to ignore criticism                            D. basically care about the environment

44.    The earth's resources __________.

A. should only be for people                            B. can be made to last longer

C. will last forever                                              D. belong to just humans and animals

45.    Governments and industries ___________.

A. don't know what Greenpeace thinks 

B. are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace

C. can easily ignore Greenpeace                      D. misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks

VII. Choose the sentence - A, B, C or D – which in closest in meaning to the printed sentence.

46.    The children made every effort to please their parents.

A. The children made little effort to please their parents.

B. The children tried their best to please their parents.

C. The parents were pleased with their children's effort.

D. The children made no attempt to please their parents.

47.    Scientists say forests are being destroyed by air pollution.

A. Scientists blame air pollution for the destruction of forests.

B. Scientists are blamed for destroying forests.  C. Forests are being destroyed by scientists.

D Scientists say that there's much air pollution in the forests.

48.    I would be very grateful if you could send me the document.

A. I would appreciate your sending me the document.

B. I was very grateful for your document.      C. Do not send me the document, please.

D. I'm upset about your not sending me the document.

49.    'You should have finished the report by now.' John told his secretary.

A. John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report.

B. John said that his secretary had not finished the report.

C. John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time.

D. John scolded his secretary for not having finished the .report.

50.    That young man is bound to fail in this test.

A. Certainly, that young man will fail in this test.

B. It would be impossible for that young man to fail this test.

C. There is no way that young man can succeed in this test.

D. A and C are correct

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