TOPIC 2: PERSONAL
EXPERIENCES
A.
VOCABULARY:
|
1. glance at [glɑ:ns] (v) liếc
2. make a fuss (exp) làm ầm ĩ
3. embarrassing [im'bærəsiη] (adj) ngượng
4. idol ['aidl] (n) thần tượng
5.
sneaky ['sni:ki] (adj) lén lút
6. experience [iks'piəriəns] (n) kinh nghiệm
7. affect [ə'fekt] (v) làm ảnh hưởng
8.
travel ['trævl] (v) đi du lịch
9. fail
an exam (v) thi rớt
10. appreciate [ə'pri:∫ieit] (v) đánh giá cao
11.
serious ['siəriəs] (n) nghiêm trọng
12.
attitude ['ætitju:d] (n) thái độ
13. imagine [i'mædʒin] (v) tưởng tượng
|
|
14. cottage ['kɔtidʒ] (n) nhà tranh
15. embrace [im'breis] (v) ôm
16.
escape [is'keip] (v) thoát khỏi
17. memorable ['memərəbl] (a) đáng nhớ
18. scream [skri:m] (v) la hét
19. protect [prə'tekt] (v) bảo vệ
20. rescue ['reskju:] (v) cứu nguy, cứu hộ
21.
appreciate [ə'pri:∫ieit] (v) trân trọng
22.
imitate ['imiteit] (v) bắt chước
23.
turn away (v) quay đi, bỏ đi
24.
wad [wɔd] (n) nắm tiền
25.
set off (v) lên đường
|
B.
GRAMMAR: TENSES
I. The
present tenses: Các thì hiện tại
1. The simple present tense: Thì hiện tại thường
1.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - V
|
( -
) S - don’t/ doesn’t – V
|
( ? )
Do/ Does - S - V?
|
1.2. The usage: Trường hợp sử dụng
- To denote actions that happened repeatedly.
Diễn tả những hành động được lặp đi lặp lại, thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tần
suất như: always, usually, often,
sometimes, etc.
e.g. She
never comes late. They
walk to school every day.
- To
denote long lasting events. Diễn tả hành động tồn tại lâu dài như một điều tất
yếu.
e.g. We
live in Concord street. He
works for a factory near his house.
- To denote a true fact. Diễn tả những sự thật
hiển nhiên.
e.g. The
earth moves around the Sun. The Sun rises
in the east.
1.3. The recognition: Các dấu hiệu nhận biết
của thì này là các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và tần suất như sau: - now/ nowadays/
today/ this summer/… - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/
occasionally/… - the proof of
constant truth.
1.4. Notes: Chú ý
- To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/… Thì
Hiện tại thường còn dùng để diễn tả một kế hoạch, dự đoán,hay thời gian biểu
như:
e.g. A:
When does the first train leave? B:
It leaves at 9.00.
- The division of “be”, “have”, “can, may,
must”,…
2. The present progressive tense: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
2.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - am/ are/ is - V-ING
( -
) S - am/ are/ is - not - V-ING
( ? )
Am/ Are/ Is - S - V-ING?
|
2.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
- To denote happening actions at the time of
speaking. Diễn tả những hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nói, thường đi với
các trạng từ: now, right now, at the
moment, at this time, etc.
e.g. She
is teaching Maths now. He is watching a football match at the moment.
- To denote the interruption/ intention/
prediction/ plan/… Diễn tả những dự kiến,
e.g. She
is coming soon. (In fact, she has not come yet). Be quiet! The baby is
sleeping.
2.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết của
thì này căn cứ vào các trạng từ sau:
- now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at
this moment/…
e.g. Right now, they are working in the
factory.
- follow a command, request,… e.g. Be
quiet! I am trying to listen to the news.
2.4. Notes: Điểm cần lưu ý
- The ING-forms – Gấp đôi phụ âm cuối khi tạo
present participles với các động từ sau: getting,
running, having, writing, dying, lying,…)
e.g. She is running in the park now.
- The omission of the verbs of awareness or
sensation as - một số động từ không dùng cho thì hiện tại tiếp diễn như: be/
see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/
hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/…(use the simple present instead - mà
thay vào đó ta dùng thì hiện tại thường để diễn tả).
3. The present perfect tense: Thì hiện tại hoàn
thành
3.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
(
+ ) S - have/ has - P.P
|
(
- ) S - haven’t/ hasn’t - P.P
|
(
? ) Have/ Has - S - P.P?
|
3.2.
The usage:
Cách sử dụng
- Actions that happened in the past but having
results, relating, or still happening at present.
e.g. We
have lived here since 1990. They have learned English for 5 years.
- To denote actions that happened right before
the time of speaking, using “just”.
e.g. She
has just come from New York. They have just bought a new house.
- To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet”.
e.g. He
hasn’t come yet. Have you met him yet?
- To denote past actions; no certain time
expression, using “already”.
e.g. We
have already seen that film. She has already been to Paris.
3.3. The recognition:
- just/ recently/ lately. - ever/ never (comments) e.g. We haven’t gone
to the theatre recently.
- already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/
up to now (present).
e.g. He
has written ten books so far.
3.4. Notes: -
Past participles: (regular verbs adding “ed”./ irregular verbs “learn by
heart”)
- The differences between the present perfect
and the simple past tense.
4. The present perfect progressive tense: Thì hiện tại hoàn
thành tiếp diễn
4.1.
The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - had - been - V-ing
|
( -
) S - had not (hadn’t) - been
- V-ing
|
( ? )
Had - S - been - V-ing?
|
4.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
- Actions that happened in the past but having
results, relating, or still happening at present.
e.g. We
have been living here since 1990. They have been learning English for 6 years
now.
4.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
since/ for/ with verbs as: live, work, wait,…
e.g. She
has been waiting for 6 hours now. They have been playing since 3 o’clock.
II. The past tenses: các thì quá khứ
1. The simple past tense: Thì quá khứ đơn
1.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo (p.V
= the past form of verbs)
|
(
+) S – p.V
|
(
- ) S - didn’t – V
|
(
? ) Did - S - V?
|
1.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
- To denote a finished past action.
e.g. We
went to the park together. He gave
her mother a ten-dollar note.
- To report past events, past habits, or long
lasting action in the past.
e.g. She
did all the work yesterday. We used to sit next to each other.
1.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- last week/ month/ year/… e.g. He had 5 bad marks last month. They got
married last year.
- yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/…
e.g. Long
long ago, there lived a couple by the sea. Man first discovered AIDS in 1981.
1.4. Notes: Những điểm cần lưu ý
- The past form of the verbs: (regular “V-ED”/
irregular (2nd column in the irregular verbs list))
- “ED” pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/.
2. The past progressive tense: Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
2.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - was/ were - V-ING
|
( -
) S - was/ were - not - V-ING
|
( ? )
Was/ Were - S - V-ING?
|
2.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
- To denote past happening actions.
e.g. She
was watching T.V at 8.00 last night. Ann
was walking to school at 6.00 yesterday.
- To denote past interrupting actions.
e.g. She
was watching T.V when I came. While he was playing on the swing, it started to
rain.
2.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that
moment/…
e.g.
At 3.00 yesterday, the Jones were
driving home. He was sleeping at that time.
- time clause with “when”, “while = as”.
e.g. As I was walking home, a stranger stopped
me to ask for help.
2.4. Notes: Những điểm cần lưu ý
actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only.
e.g. When I heard a knock at the door, I came to
open it. When I opened the door, I saw my mum.)
3. The past perfect tense: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
3.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - had - P.P (P2)
|
(
- ) S - had not (hadn’t) - P.P
(P2)
|
( ? )
Had - S - P.P (P2)?
|
3.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng To denote past finished actions that
happened and finished before a certain point of time or another past event (the
past of the past tense).
e.g: She
had sold all the baskets before 9.00 yesterday.
3.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/
for/…
e.g. Before
he left for home, he had turned all the lights off.
- The past perfect progressive “S + had been +
V-ING”
4. The past perfect progressive tense: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
tiếp diễn
4.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - had - been - V-ing
( -
) S - had not (hadn’t) - been
- V-ing
( ? )
Had - S - been - V-ing?
|
4.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a
certain point of time or another past event (the past of the past tense).
e.g: She
had been waiting for us since 9.00 yesterday.
4.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/
for/…
e.g. After he had been waiting for a while, he
felt annoyed.
- The past perfect progressive “S - had been -
V-ING”
III. The future tenses: các thì tương lai
1. The simple future tense: thì tương lai thường
1.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - will/ shall - V
|
( - ) S + will/ shall – V
|
( ? )
Will/ Shall - S - V?
|
- “shall” is
restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses.
- The negative forms
“will not = won’t”, “shall not = shan’t”.
1.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng - To denote future actions.
e.g. They
will build more hospitals. We shall go to your party.
- To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/…
e.g. The
car will start in-time. We shall finish the course in June.
1.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- someday, tomorrow,…/ e.g. She will be rich someday.
- next week/ month/ year/.. e.g. He won’t leave next month.
1.4. Notes: Điểm cần lưu ý
“shan’t” is not used in conditional sentences./ “ shall” is used as a suggestion/
invitation/…. e.g. A: Shall we meet
tonight? B: Yes, let’s.
2. The future progressive tense: thì tương lai tiếp
diễn
2.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - will be - V-ING
|
(
- ) S - won’t be - V-ING
|
( ? )
Will - S - be - V-ING?
|
2.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/…
using “at”.
e.g:
She will be watching T.V at 8.00
tonight.
We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next
Sunday’s morning.
- To show the future happening actions with
“when”.
e.g. She will be sitting at the gate when
we come tomorrow.
3. The future perfect tense: thì tương lai hoàn
thành
3.1. The form: Công thức cấu tạo
|
( + )
S - will have - P.P (P2)
|
( - )
S - won’t have - P.P (P2)
|
( ? )
Will - S + have - P.P?
|
3.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng - To denote planned actions with “by”, “by
the time”, “by then”.
e.g: She
will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by then.
- To show a future schedule-finished
action.
e.g: The
bridge will have been used by the next Autumn.
3.3. Other forms: Các hình thức diễn đạt
tương lai khác
a. The
simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a plan…Thì hiện tại thường diễn
tả kế hoạch, dự định, thời gian biểu,…
e.g: A: When does he leave? B: He leaves tonight. (He doesn’t leave in fact)
b. The present progressive: To denote an
intention. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn có cách
diễn
đạt tương lai tương tự thì hiện tai thường, nhưng có tinha chắc chắn cao hơn.
e.g: A:
When are you leaving? B: I am leaving this afternoon.
c. The
“be + going to inf” form: To denote an intention/ a near future action, an arrangement.
e.g: She is going to celebrate her 34th
birthday. They are going to get married.
IV. The sequences of tenses: Sự hòa hợp của các thì
trong các mệnh đề.
1. Subordinate clauses: Mệnh đề phụ cơ bản
|
Main clause
|
Subordinate clause
|
|
Simple present tense.
|
simple present tense. /present perfect tense.
present progressive tense./ simple future
tense.
“be going to V” form.
simple past tense (certain point of past
time).
|
|
Simple past tense
|
simple past tense./ past progressive tense.
past perfect tense./ “would + V” form.
“be going to + V” past form.
simple present tense (showing the truth).
|
|
Present perfect tense
|
Simple present tense.
|
|
Past perfect tense
|
Simple past tense.
|
2. Adverbial clauses: Mệnh đề trạng ngữ
|
Main clause
|
Adverbial clauses (of time)
|
|
|
Present tenses
|
Present tenses
|
When/ whenever/ as/ while/ before/ after/ as
soon as/…
|
|
Past tenses
|
Past tenses
|
When/ while/ as/ till/ until/ just as/
since/….
|
|
Future tenses
|
Present tenses
|
No sooner than/ hardly…when/ as long as/….
|
C.
PRACTICE TEST
I. Choose the word
that has the underlined part pronounced differently
to the others.
1. A. grade B. great C.
sneaky D. embrace
2. A. money B. notice C. glance D. ankle
3. A. imagine B. glance C. geography D.
religion
4. A. looked B. noticed C.
turned D. helped
5. A. change B.
English C. single D.
anger
II. Choose the one word or
phrase - A, B, C, or D - that best completes the sentences, or substitutes for
the underlined word or phrase.
6. She glanced briefly
________ his lapel badge.
A.
in B.
on C. at D. up
7. ________ my experience,
very few people really understand the problem.
A.
To B. In C. With D. From
8. People here have a more
relaxed attitude ________ their work.
A.
to B. in C. on D. for
9. The novel is based on
his ________ in the war.
A.
attitudes B. images C. situations D. experiences
10. I don't like that man.
There is a sneaky look on his face.
A.
furious B.
humorous C. dishonest D. guilty
11. She made a big ________
about not having a window seat on the plane.
A.
complaint B. fuss C. excitement D.
interest
12. He has a very outgoing
________ and makes friends very easily.
A.
person B. personal
C. personality D. personage
13. He ________ to the spot
where the house used to stand.
A.
pointed B. showed C. directed D. glanced
14. Teenagers often have
their ________ who they admire very much.
A.
ideals B.
admirers C. images. D. idols
15. I had a glance at
the article, but I haven't read it yet.
A.
close look B. quick look C. direct look D. furtive look
III. Choose the word
or phrase - A, B, C, or D - that best fits the blank
space in each sentence.
16. Before he turned 14, Mozart
________ a few lesser piece for the piano.
A.
has composed B. had composed C.
was composed D. would composed
17. He was busy________ his
homework.
A.
to do B. doing
C. for doing D. that he was doing
18. Rarely________ succeed
in ballet if they start after the age of 12.
A.
do children B. children
have C. children D. are children
19. Have something to eat
before you________.
A.
leave B. left C. will leave D. had left
20. ________ this holiday
for ages.
A.
We're looking forward to B.
We looked forward to
C.
We look forward to D.
We've looked forward to
21. ________ hard all year,
so I felt that I deserved a holiday.
A.
I work B. I
worked C. I'd been working D. I've worked
22. The traffic lights
________ green and I pulled away.
A.
turned B. were
turning C. has turned D. had turned
23. How fast________ when
the accident happened?
A.
are you driving B. were you driving
C. did you drive D. had you driven
24. Where________? Which
hairdresser did you go to?
A.
did you cut your hair B. have you cut your hair
C.
did you have cut your hair D.
did you have your hair cut
25. Fortunately, the
hospital's new air-conditioning system________ when the first heat wave of the
summer arrived.
A. had installed B. installed
C. had been installed D.
had been installing
IV. Choose the
underlined word or phrase- A, B, C, or D- that needs correcting.
26. The governor has not decided how
to deal with the new problem already.
A. The governor B.
decided how C. to deal with D. already
27. Hardly he had entered the office when
he realized that he had forgotten his office key.
A.
Hardly he had B. realized C. he had D.
forgotten
28. There are few areas of human
experience that have not been writing about.
A.
There are B. of human C.
have not been D. writing
29. I think you will enjoy
the experience by taking part in the show.
A.
I think B. will enjoy C.
by taking D. in the show
30. I find that
necessary to do something about traffic problems in our city.
A.
find that B. to do C. about D.
in our city
V. Fill in each blank with one appropriate
word from the box.
|
eventually reached
totally sketch for
ahead heard much clearly
straight
attacking pleased off
fast there
|
I
used to go into the country to (31)___________ animals and plants, carrying my
drawing materials in a bag. One day I was walking across a field, looking (32)___________
rabbits to draw. Lost in thought, I had not noticed a bull running towards me.
About one hundred meters (33)___________ was a tree under which I intended to
sit and draw. Suddenly, I (34)___________ a noise behind me. I turned and saw
the bull. I knew that a bull cannot see (35)___________ and notices only shape
and movement. I did not panic but ran towards the tree, keeping the tree,
myself and the bull in a (36)___________ line. To distract the bull, I then threw
my bag to the right, so it was out of the line of the tree. The bull saw this
sudden movement and headed towards the bag. I (37)___________ the tree and
climbed up it. From there I watched the bull (38)___________ my bag with its
horns and feet. It continued to do this for fifteen minutes I was very (39)___________
to be, up the tree. (40)___________ the bull was satisfied and move off. I
waited until it was a very long way (41)___________ and then got down from the
tree and picked up my bag. I left the field as (42)___________ as I could and
then looked inside my bag. Everything in it was (43)___________ ruined.
VI. Read the passage,
then decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
I
knew it was going to be a bad day when, on the way to the airport, the taxi
driver told me he was lost.
I
had booked my flight over the telephone, so when we finally arrived, I had to
rush to the reservation desk to pay for my ticket. The woman at the desk told
me that my name was not on the passenger list. It took fifteen minutes to
realize that she had spelled my name incorrectly. She gave me the ticket and
told me I'd better check in my luggage quickly or I'd miss my night. I was the
last person to get on the plane.
I
found my seat and discovered that I was sitting next to a four-year old boy who
had a cold. I sat down and wondered if anything else could go wrong. I hate
flying, especially take-off, but the plane took off and everything seemed to be
all right. Then, a few minutes later, there was a funny noise and everything
started to shake. I looked out of the window and – oh my God - there was smoke
coming out of the wing. All I could think was "The engine are on fire. We
are going to crash. I am too young to die,"
Almost
immediately, the captain spoke to us in a very calm voice "Ladies and
gentlement. This is your captain speaking. We are having a slight technical
problem with one of our engines. There is no need to panic. We will have to
return to the airport. Please remain seated and keep your seat belts
fastened."
A
few minutes later, we were coming on to land. The pilot made a perfect landing
on the runway. It was over. We were safe. That day I decided not to fly again.
I caught another taxi and went home. But as I closed the front door. I looked
down at my case. Somehow I had picked up the wrong suitcase.
44. There was nothing wrong
with her on the way to the airport.
45. She was in a great hurry
at the airport.
46. It took her about
fifteen minutes to get her ticket.
47. She was delighted with
the boy sitting nearby.
48. The plane had to come
back to the airport because its engine was on fire.
49. The suitcase she brought
home wasn't hers.
50. After that day, she
decided that she would never fly again.
-------------------------THE
END----------------------------
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