TOPIC 13: SPACE CONQUEST

TOPIC 13: SPACE CONQUEST

I. VOCABULARY:

1. astronaut ['æstrənɔ:t] (n) phi hành gia, nhà du hành vũ trụ  = cosmonaut ['kɔzmənɔ:t] (n) nhà du hành vũ trụ (Nga) 2. desire [di'zaiə] (n) khát vọng 3. feat [fi:st] (n) chiến công 4. gravity ['græviti] (n) trọng lực 5. honour ['ɔnə] (v) tôn kính 6. last [lɑ:st] (v) kéo dài 7. lift off ['lift'ɔ:f] (v) (tàu vũ trụ) phóng vụt lên 8. name after (v) đặt tên theo 9. orbit ['ɔ:bit] (n) quỹ đạo 10. plane crash [plein kræ∫](n) vụ rơi máy bay 11. artificial [,ɑ:ti'fi∫əl] (a) nhân tạo 12. carry out ['kæri'aut] (v) tiến hành 13. launch [lɔ:nt∫] (v) phóng (tàu vũ trụ) 14. manned (a) có người điều khiển 15. achievement [ə't∫i:vmənt] (n) thành tựu 16. congress ['kɔηgres] (n) quốc hội (Mỹ) 17. experiment [iks'periment] (n) thí nghiệm 18. Mars [ma:z] (n) sao Hoả 19. mission ['mi∫n] (n) sứ mệnh, nhiệm vụ 20. appoint [ə'pɔint] (v) bổ nhiệm 21. biography [bai'ɔgrəfi] (n) tiểu sử 22. leap [li:p] (n) bước nhảy 23. M.S. (Master of Science)             thạc sĩ khoa học

24. psychological tension [,saikə'lɔdʒikl  'ten∫n] (n) căng thẳng tâm lý 25. react [ri:'ækt] (v) phản ứng 26. set foot on (exp) đặt chân lên 27. space ['speis] (n) vũ trụ 28. spacecraft ['speis'krɑ:ft] (n) tàu vũ trụ 29. technical failure ['teknikl 'feiljə] (n) trục trặc kỹ thuật 30. telegram ['teligræm] (n) điện tín 31. uncertainty [ʌn'sə:tnti] (n) không chắc chắn 32. venture ['vent∫ə] (n) việc mạo hiểm 33. weightlessness ['weitlisnis] (n) tình trạng không trọng lượng 34. mark a milestone  ['mailstoun] (exp) tạo bước ngoặc 35. satellite ['sætəlait] (n) vệ tinh 36. NASA (n) (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) cơ quan hàng không và vũ trụ Hoa Kỳ 37. mankind [mæn'kaind] (n) nhân loại 38. pilot ['pailət] (n)             phi công 39. quote [kwout] (n) lời trích dẫn 40. resign [,ri:'zain] (v) từ chức

II. GRAMMAR: CONJUNCTIVE PHRASES

1. BOTH ... AND (vừa..vừa... , cả .... lẫn..)

Eg: Both Mary and Tom are students (cả Mary lẫn Tom đều là sinh viên)

       I like both aranges and apples. (tôi thích cả cam và táo)

2. NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO (không những ... mà còn ... )

Công thức giống như both ..and

Eg: Not only Mary but also Tom likes dogs (không những Mary mà Tom đều thích chó)

3. NEITHER ... NOR (không.... cũng không..., cả 2 đều không..)

Eg: Neither Mary nor Tom likes dogs (cả Mary lẫn Tom đều không thích chó)

4. EITHER ... OR (hoặc….là ....hoặc là ...)

Eg: Either Mary or Tom likes dogs (hoặc là Mary hoặc là Tom thích chó)

USING: Can, could and be able to

A. Dùng can để nói một sự việc có thể xảy ra hay ai đó có khả năng làm được việc gì.

Chúng ta dùng can + infinitive (can do/can see…)

Eg: We can see the lake from our bedroom window.

Can you speak any foreign languages?  I can come and see you tomorrow if you like.

Dạng phủ định của can là can’t (=cannot) I’m afraid I can’t come to the party on Friday.

B. (Be) able to… có thể thay thế được cho can (nhưng can vẫn được dùng nhiều hơn)

Are you able to speak any foreign languages?

Nhưng can chỉ có hai thì: can (hiện tại) và could (quá khứ). Vì vậy đôi khi phải sử dụng be able to trong các thì khác
- I haven’t been able to sleep recently.  - Tom might not be able to come tomorrow.

C. Could và Be able to.

- Could là quá khứ của can. Đặc biệt sử dụng could với nhứng động từ sau: See, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand
+ When we went into the house, we could smell burning.
+ She spoke in a low voice but I could understand what she was saying.
- Cũng dùng could để chỉ người nào có khả năng làm việc gì đó:
+ My grandfather could speak five languages
+ When Tom was 16, he could run 100 meters in 11 seconds.
- Nhưng nếu muốn nói đang tìm cách xoay sở làm một việc gì đó trong một hoàn cảnh đặc thù và việc đó có khả năng xảy ra thì phải dùng was/ were able to
+ The fire spread through the building very quickly everyone was able to escape.
+ They didn’t want to come with us at first but in the end we were able to persuade them.
- Hãy so sánh could và was able to trong ví dụ sau:

+ Jack was an excellent tennis player. He could beat anybody.
+ But once he had a difficult game against Alf. Alf played very well but in the end Jack was able to beat him. (= he managed to beat him in this particular game).
- Có thể sử dụng thể phủ định couldn’t trong mọi trường hợp:
+ My grandfather couldn’t swim.
+ We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them to come with us.

- Dùng could để diễn tả ai đó là có khả năng nói chung hay được phép để làm điều gì.

+ My grandfather could speak five languages.

+ We were completely free. We could do what we wanted. (= we were allowed to do…)

+ We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them to come with us.

C. PRACTICE TEST

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

1.      A. foot                   B. moon                      C. look                                     D. would

2.      A. gravity              B. aspiration              C. biography                          D. possible

3.      A. technical           B. conquest                C. psychology                         D. launched

4.      A. national            B. venture                  C. fortunate                            D. suggestion

5.      A. support            B. shuttle                    C. success                               D. venture

II. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence.

6.      Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon ______ 20 July 1969.

A. in                       B. at                             C. on                            D. of

7.      She is never satisfied ______ what she's got.

A. to                      B. with                        C. for                           D. in

8.      In 1961 Yuri Gagarin lifted ______ into space aboard the Vostok 1.

A. off                     B. up                           C. on                            D. Ø

9.      After landing, the team members were greeted like ______ heroes.

A. conquer           B. conquering            C. conqueror              D. conquest

10.  No one knew precisely what would happen to a human being in space.

A. exactly             B. clearly                    C. carefully                 D. vividly

11.  Neil Armstrong, an American ______, was the first man to step on the moon's surface.

A. scientist            B. cosmonaut                         C. astronaut               D. astronomer

12.  The 27-year-old Soviet cosmonaut became the first person to eat and drink in ______.

A. weight              B. weighting               C. weightless              D. weightlessness

13.  About 100 Russian satellites are________ the earth.

A. flying                B. orbitting                 C. traveling                 D. circuiting

14.  Many people are demonstrating to express their ______ with the new land law.

A. satisfied            B. satisfactory            C. satisfaction             D. dissatisfaction

15.  The astronauts were able to send the information back to the earth.

A. spaceships       B. space stations        C. spacemen               D. space shots

III. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence.

16.  No one is better cook than his mother, ______?

A. is she                B. isn't she                  C. are they                  D. aren’t they

17.  Do it right now, ______?

A. will you            B. shall you                C. do you                    D. don't you

18.  There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, ______?

A. are they            B. are there                C. aren't they                         D. aren't there

19.  He seldom goes to the library, ______?

A. doesn’t he        B. is he                        C. does he                   D. isn’t he

20.  Let's go for a long walk, ______?

A. will we              B. shall we                  C. don't you                D. do you

21.  I'd lost my key, so I ______ the door when I got home.

A. could lock        B. wasn't able to lock C. couldn't unlock    D. was able to unlock

22.  When Mr. Lee was younger, he ______ work in the garden for hours.

A. has got to         B. should be able to C. can                          D. could

23.  Yesterday I ______ to a furniture store. I bought a new lamp there.

A. could go           B. could have gone    C. went                        D. ought to have gone

24.  Do you think there ______ less conflict in the world if all people ______ the same language?

A. would be/ spoke                                 B. were/ would speak

C. were/ spoke                                        D. would have been/ had spoken

25.  Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, ______ eleven times the size of the earth.

A. being                B. has                          C. is                             D. having

IV. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D -that needs correcting.

26. After the stock market crash of 1929, less people were able to find Employment.

       A. stock market               B. less                                     C. were able to           D. Employment.

27. The average temperature on Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is about eighty degrees than colder on Earth. A. average             B. on Mars                  C. planet from            D. than colder

28. Halley comet was named of the astronomer Edmund Halley, who was the first to realize that some comets appear in regular cycles.

A. named of                    B. was                                     C. to realize                D. appear

29. A number of people still wants to apply for the position of accountant in that company.

A. A number                   B. wants                     C. the position            D. in

30. If I were a little taller I could be astronaut, but I don't meet the height requirement.

A. were                            B. could be                             C. astronaut               D. don’t need

V. Fill in each blank space with one appropriate from the box.

manned     seriously    affected     space     radiation      groundless weightlessness     harmless     journey    flown     appeared     effects

Before man had (31)_______ in space it was thought that his physical and mental capabilities might be (32)_______ by long periods of (33)_______, and that he might be endangered by high levels of (34)_______. Yuri Gagariri's first (35)_______ flight in April 1961 showed that man could live in space and, although this (36)_______ only lasted for 108 minutes, it gave encouragement to those interested in the future of (37)_______ space flight. In fact most of the early fears about man's health in space have proved (38)_______, and although several odd medical (39)_______ have been observed, none has (40)_______ affected man's ability for useful work.

VI. Read the passage, decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Throughout history there have been many great explorers. Have you, for example, heard of Marco Polo, the famous Italian traveler? He was the first European to travel to China. He arrived in China in the late 13^th century. About 200 years later, Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain by ship. He was looking for a new way to reach India. However, as you probably know, he didn't reach India. He landed in America. Five hundred years after Columbus in the' 1930s a famous explorer named Richard Byrd was one of the first persons to fly over both the North and the South Poles. Today we continue to explore this world and are studying to explore other worlds, too. In the 1930s Russian and American scientists sent many unmanned spacecraft to the moon. These spacecraft sent back very valuable information about the moon. Then on July 16th 1969 the first manned spaceship to the moon left earth. On that day Apollo 11 blasted off with three American astronauts on board. Four days after blast-off, two of these astronauts landed on the moon. They later explored the surface of the moon. About two days after landing on the moon, they started back to the earth. They arrived safely back on earth a few days later. Today we are sending unmanned spacecraft to other planets. In the future, we might walk on Mars or Venus the way we did on the moon. We might even travel to other galaxies. Who knows? One thing we know for sure is that we will continue to explore this world and other worlds, too.

41.  Marco Polo traveled from England to China in the late 13th century.  

42.  While he was looking for India, Christopher Columbus reached America. 

43.  In the 19thcentury Richard Byrd flew over both the North and the South Poles.

44.  Unmanned spacecraft went to the, moon before manned spacecraft did. 

45.  Apollo 11 was the first manned spaceship to go to the moon.                   

46.  Apollo 11 was damaged in the blast.                                                      

47.  All of the American astronauts on the spaceship landed on the surface of the moon.                                                                        

48.  Today we are sending spacecraft with astronauts on board to other planets.   

VII. Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence.

49.  ______ by meteorites whose impact formed craters of all size.

A. The surface of the moon was shaped          B. The moon whose surface shaped

C. The surface of the shaped moon      D. The surface was forming the shape of the moon

50.  Throughout history, the moon has inspired not only song and dance ______.

A. but poetry and prose as well                                    B. but poetry also prose

C. together with poetry and prose                    D. and also poetry and prose

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