TOPIC 12: HOBBIES

TOPIC 12: HOBBIES

I. VOCABULARY:

1. accompany [ə'kʌmpəni] (v) đệm đàn/ nhạc 2. accomplished [ə'kɔmpli∫] (a) có tài, cừ khôi 3. admire [əd'maiə] (v) ngưỡng mộ 4. avid ['ævid] (a) khao khát, thèm thuồng 5. collect [kə'lekt] (v) sưu tập -> collection [kə'lek∫n] (n) bộ sưu tập -> collector [kə'lektə] (n) người sưu tập 6. discard [di,skɑ:d] (v) vứt bỏ 7. book stall ['bukstɔ:l] (n) quầy sách 8. broaden ['brɔ:dn] (v) mở rộng (kiến thức) 9. category ['kætigəri] (n) loại, hạng, nhóm 10. classify ['klæsifai] (v) phân loại 11. exchange [iks't∫eindʒ] (v) trao đổi 12. hero ['hiərou] (n) anh hùng 13. bygone ['baigɔn] (a) quá khứ, qua rồi 14. continually [kən'tinjuəli] (adv) liên tục 15. cope with (v) đối phó, đương đầu

16. fairy tale ['feəriteil] (n) chuyện cổ tích 17. guideline ['gaidlain] (n)             hướng dẫn 18. imaginary [i'mædʒinəri] (a) tưởng tượng 19. fish tank (n) bể cá 20. indulge in [in'dʌldʒ] (v) say mê 21. modest ['mɔdist] (a) khiêm tốn 22. occupied ['ɒkjʊpaied] (a) bận rộn 23. stamp [stæmp] (n) con tem 24. throw … away  ['θrouə,wei] (v) ném đi 25. tune [tju:n] (n) giai điệu 26. name tag (n) nhãn ghi tên 27. organize ['ɔ:gənaiz] (v) sắp xếp 28. overseas [,ouvə'si:z] (adv) ở nước ngoài 29. politician [,pɔli'ti∫n] (n) chính trị gia 30. gigantic [dʒai'gæntik] (a) khổng lồ 31. ignorantly ['ignərəntli](adv) ngu dốt, dốt nát

II. GRAMMAR: CLEFT SENTENCES

Câu chẻ (cleft sentence) là một cấu trúc đặc biệt được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh một số từ hay cụm từ nào đó. Trong câu tách, chúng ta đặt mọi thứ vào một loại mệnh đề quan hệ trừ những từ chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh. Những cấu trúc này rất hữu ích trong văn viết bởi vì chúng ta không thể dùng ngữ điệu nhấn mạnh trong văn viết. Chúng cũng rất phổ biến trong văn nói.

Eg: Alice works in a restaurant.
=> Alice is the person who works in a restaurant. (Nhấn mạnh vào Alice)
=> The person who works in a restaurant is Alice. (Nhấn mạnh vào con người)
=> A restaurant is (the place) where Alice works. (Nhấn mạnh vào restaurant)
Eg: John gave me a watch.  =>John is the person who gave me a watch.
=> The person who gave me a watch is John.  =>A watch is what John gave me.

Eg: John went to the market on Sunday to buy some meat.
=> Sunday was the day when/that John went to the market to buy some meat.
=> The day when John went to the market to buy some meat was Sunday.
=> The reason why John went to the market on Sunday was to buy some meat.
=> To buy some meat was the reason why John went to the market on Tuesday.
Notes: - Nơi chốn, lý do...có thể bị lược bỏ trong phong cách không trang trọng.
Eg: Why I am here is to talk about my plans. (Không trang trọng)
      The reason why I am here is to talk about my plans. (Trang trọng hơn)

- Để nhấn mạnh một từ, chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc what…do.
Eg: She cried.  => What she did was to cry.
Eg: she writes short stories.  => What she does is to write short stories.

- Để nhấn mạnh toàn câu chúng ta thường sử dụng một cấu trúc tách với what và động từ happen.  Eg: The cat died.  => What happened was that the cat died.

C. PRACTICE TEST

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

1.      A. engrave                        B. pastime                  C. undertake             D. spectator

2.      A. popular                        B. music                      C. pursuit                    D. solitude

3.      A. sport                             B. course                    C. outdoor                  D. world

4.      A. leisure                          B. pursue                    C. simple                     D. necessary

5.      A. agreed                          B. organised               C. based                      D. listened

II. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentences.

6.      She plays tennis ______ recreation only.

A. in                                   B. to                            C. on                            D. for

7.      I'm very fond ______ natural spectacular scenery.

A. of                                  B. in                             C. with                         D. at

8.      We were all attracted ______ the beauty of nature there.

A. in                                   B. to                            C. with                         D. on

9.      Watching television is by far the most popular ______.

A. intensity                       B. occupation                         C. recreation             D. passion

10.  I am very ______ in the information you have given me.

A. interested                    B. surprised               C. depressed             D. concerned

11.  I like him ______ for his shyness.

A. by far                            B. far better               C. furthermore          D. all the better

12.  He ______ us for hours with his stories and jokes.

A. supported                    B. entertained            C. regarded                D. raised

13.  I've already had one holiday in Africa, and I'm not ______ on going there again.

A. willing                           B. keen                        C. eager                      D. ready

14.  We have bought extra food ______ our friends stay to dinner.

A. provided                      B. if                              C. in case                    D. as long as

15.  Football, rugby and baseball are the most popular ______ sports in Britain.

A. watcher                        B. looker                     C. amateur                  D. spectator

III. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentences.

16.  Which one do you want? -I don't want ______.

A. both                              B. neither                   C. either                      D. each

17.  She has neither read 'the book ______ the film.

A. or seen                                     B. nor see                   C. or see                     D. nor seen

18.  Thomas Eakins studied not only painting ______ anatomy when he was training to become an artist. A. moreover             B. but also                  C. as well                    D. and

19.  Endive can be used ______ as a salad green or as a cooking vegetable.

A. such                              B. both                        C. either                      D. neither

20.  They invited ______ to their golden anniversary.

A. my wife and I  B. I and my wife         C. both my wife and I            D. my wife and me

21.  Have you finished your work? - No, I haven't and ______.

A. she has not too           B. neither she has     C. she has either        D. neither has she.

22.  I believe not only people are important to the world, ______.

A. nature is important, too                                 B. nature is important either

C. neither is nature important                           D. but nature is important

23.  Not only ______ shade and beauty, but they also reduce carbon dioxide.

A.      do trees provide       B. trees provide         C. provide trees         D. trees do provide

24.  It was the musical performance on TV that ______ by our family.

A. was most enjoying      B. was most enjoyed   C. most enjoyed       D. was most enjoyable

25.  Neither the teacher nor his students ______ pleased with the performance of the team.

A. was                               B. were                       C. has been                 D. being

IV. Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that needs correcting.

26.  Children enjoy telling and listening to ghosts stories, especially on Halloween night.

A. telling and listening     B. ghosts stories       C. especially               D. on Halloween night

27.  Not only Laura's parents but also her husband think she should return to school and finish her graduate degree. A. Not only         B. think           C. return to                D. graduate degree

28.  Each year million of tons of fertile topsoil that could produce good crops washed away by rains.

A. Each year                                 B. of tons                    C. that could              D. washed

29.  It was in 1971 that transatlantic supersonic transportation became commercially availability.

A. in 1971                                     B. supersonic             C. became                   D. availability

30.  Success in karate requires not only balance and skill but also concentration and mental alert.

A. Success                         B. balance                   C. concentration        D. alert

V. Fill in the each blank with one appropriate word from the box.

regular      demand      leisure      started      means       typically chance     way      industry      organised       recent        found

SPECTATOR SPORTS

A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example football and baseball, (31)________ in Europe or in the USA in the nineteenth century. This did not happen by (32)________. It was the result of changes in the (33)________ people lived in those places at that time. Until then more people lived in the country than in towns. They worked in small groups and had no (34)________ time off. All this changed, with the growth of factories and (35)________ in the nineteenth century, first in Europe and then in the USA. For the first time most people began to live in towns, and they (36)________ themselves with regular free time. They had more (37)________ time than ever before. This resulted in the need for the (38)________ entertainment. Suitable games I developed or were invented, (39)________  team games, in which the crowded could take sides and become involveD. This gave people some of the entertainment they need in their free time. The (40)________ explosion in TV, with the introduction of satellite and cable channels, has caused an increase in (41)________ for sports as entertainment. The money TV has brought to games such as football, tennis and baseball (42)________, that spectator sports will certainly go on playing an important part in our lives.

VI. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.

England is famous for its garden, and most people like gardening. This is probably one reason why so many people prefer to live in houses rather than in flats. Particularly in suburban areas it is possible to pass row after row of ordinary small houses, each one with its neatly kept patch of grass surrounded by great variety of flowers and shrubs. Enthusiasts of gardening get a great deal of helpful advice from the television and magazines.

43.  The passage points out that, because many English people are fond of gardening, ______.

A. they don't want to live in suburban areas  

B. they grow flowers but not grass and fruit trees

C. they can spare little time for the television              D. houses are more popular than flats

44.  The passage stresses that people interested in gardening ______.

A. find it necessary to move out to distant rural areas

B. need large gardens in order to get, satisfaction

C. are supplied with information and guidance by both the television and the press

D. get very little encouragement from the media

45.  The passage is concerned with ______.

A. the enthusiasm of the people in England for gardens and gardening

B. the problems of gardening in suburban areas       C. the new techniques in gardening

D. the increasing demand for new varieties of flowers and shrubs

VII. From the words or phrases - A, B, C or D - choose the one that best completes the sentence.

46.  _____ of caffein can result in restlessness, insomnia, and even delirium.

A. Consuming in excess                                      B. The consumption excessive

C. To consume excessively                                 D. Excessive consumption

47.  ______ cause tides, but that of the sun also produces the same effect, though to a lesser extent.

A. Not only when the gravitational attraction of the moon does

B. As the gravitational attraction of the moon not only' does

C. Not only does the gravitational attraction of the moon

D. The gravitational attraction of the moon not only

48.  Most southern states had set up primary school systems by the late 18th century, but only in New England ______ and open to all students.

A. primary schools were free                            B. were primary schools free

C. free were primary schools                            D. were free primary schools

49.  Unlike fossil fuels, which can be used only once, wind and solar power ______ of energy.

A. are renewable sources                                  B. the sources are renewable

C. for renewable sources                                   D. renewable sources

50.  Nashville has ______ the capital of country music.

A. as long been known   B. been known as long  C. long peen known as D. long as been known

--------------------------THE END--------------------------