TOPIC 8: THE POST OFFICE

TOPIC 8: THE POST OFFICE

A. VOCABULARY:

1. advanced [əd'vɑ:nst] (a) tiên tiến 2. courteous ['kə:tjəs] (a) lịch sự 3. equip [i'kwip] (v) trang bị 4. Express Mail Service (EMS) dv chuyển phát nhanh 5. facsimile [fæk'simili] (n) bản sao, máy fax 6. graphic [græfik] (n) hình đồ họa 7. Messenger Call Service (n) dv điện thoại 8. notify ['noutifai] (v) thông báo 9. parcel ['pɑ:s(ə)l] (n) bưu kiện 10. receive [ri'si:v] (v) nhận -> recipient [ri'sipiənt] (n) người nhận 11. customer ['kʌstəmə] (n) khách hàng 12. Flower Telegram Service (n) dv điện hoa 13. capacity [kə'pæsiti] (n) công suất 14. cellphone (n) điện thoại di động 15. commune             ['kɔmju:n] (n) xã 16. demand [di'mɑ:nd](n) nhu cầu 17. digit ['didʒit] (n) chữ số

18. expansion [iks'pæn∫n] (n) sự mở rộng 19. secure [si'kjuə] (a) an toàn, bảo đảm 20. spacious ['spei∫əs] (a) rộng rãi 21. speedy ['spi:di] (a) nhanh chóng 22. staff [stɑ:f] (n) đội ngũ 23. subscribe [səb'skraib] (v) đăng ký, đặt mua (dài hạn) 24. surface mail ['sə:fis'meil] (n) thư gửi đường bộ hoặc đường biển 25. transfer ['trænsfə:] (n;v) chuyển 26. transmit [trænz'mit] (v) gửi, phát, truyền 27. well-trained [wel 'treind] (a) lành nghề 28. install  [in'stɔ:l] (v) lắp đặt 29. registration [,redʒi'strei∫n] (n)             sự đăng ký 30. fixed [fikst] (a) cố định 31. rural network ['ruərəl 'netwə:k] (n) mạng lưới nông  thôn 32. subscriber [səb'skraibə] (n) thuê bao 33. upgrade [ʌp'greid] (v) nâng cấp

II. GRAMMAR: RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. Relative pronouns:

	Subject	Object	Possessive
For persons	who	whom/who	whose
	that	that
For things	which	which	whose/of which
	that	that

1.1. WHO: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ.

e.g.       The man who told you I was out met me in the park.

The person who you wanted to see died days ago.

1.2. WHOM: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ.  e.g.          That’s the one whom we need to contact.

1.3. WHOSE: Là tính từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu, kết hợp với một danh từ, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ.

e.g.       This is the lady whose son cheated me.

1.4. WHICH: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ.  e.g.   The book which you liked was sold. 

The house, which was on fire, was built long ago.

1.5. THAT: Là đại từ quan hệ thay thế, dùng để thay thế cho các đại từ quan hệ như WHO, WHICH, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ, ngoài ra còn được sử dụng trong câu chẻ.    e.g.    The book that you liked was sold. 

1.6. WHEN: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ thời gian.

e.g.       The day when she left was rainy. The time when we reunite is uncertain.

1.7. WHERE: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn.

e.g.       This is the house where he lived in his childhood. 

1.8. WHY: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, nguyên nhân, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân.

e.g.       The reason why she left was unknown. That’s why we are worrying now.

2. Relative clauses:

2.1. Defining clauses (Restrictive Relative Clauses): Đây là loại mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và cần thiết có mặt để câu có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu không đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa (Chủ từ chưa được xác định).  e.g.            The man who keeps the library is Mr. Green.

That is the book that I like best. (là cuốn mà tôi thích trong vô vàn cuốn sách)

2.2. Non-defining clauses (Non- Restrictive Relative Clauses): Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết có mặt mà câu vẫn có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu vẫn đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa vì tiền ngữ (chủ từ) đã xác định. Loại mệnh đề này thường cách mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phảy, hoặc thường có các tính từ hay đại từ chỉ định hay sở hữu như: this, that, these, those, his, my,…  e.g.    That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr. Pike

3. Reduced clauses: Mệnh đề rút gọn

3.1. Present Participle Phrases: (V-ING phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ danh động từ V-ING để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể chủ động.   e.g.      Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?

→ Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?

3.2. Past Participle Phrases: (V-ED phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ tính từ V-ED để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể bị động.  e.g.        The man who was arrested by the police is Mr. Mike.

→ The man arrested by the police is Mr. Pike.

3.3. Infinitive Phrases: (to V phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ động từ to infinitives để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ trong trường hợp mệnh đề có chứa các từ FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, LAST, ONLY... có thể dùng với cấu trúc “for O + to V”, hoặc một số mệnh đề mang tính ràng buộc nhiệm vụ…

e.g.       English is an important language which we have to master.

→ English is an important language to master/ for us to master.

3.4. Noun Phrases: (Noun phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một hoặc một cụm danh từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu mệnh đề đó mang ngữ danh từ (thường chỉ nghề nghiệp).  e.g.             Mr. Ba, who is our new form teacher, is a good teacher.

→ Mr. Ba, our new form teacher, is a good teacher.

3.5. Adjectival Phrases: (Adjectival phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một hoặc một cụm tính từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ.

e.g.       The streets which are crowded with population have no interest in learning.

→ The streets crowded with population have no interest in learning.

4. Cleft sentences: Câu chẻ là hình thức đặc biệt của câu phức sử dụng các mệnh đề quan hệ để nhấn mạnh tới các thành tố của câu như chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, hay trạng ngữ. Dưới đây là ba hình thức câu chẻ điển hình:

4.1. Subject focus: Nhấn mạnh tới chủ ngữ.

S - V → It be S that/ who V

e.g.       Nam helped me a lot. → It was Nam who helped me a lot.

4.2. Object focus: Nhấn mạnh tới tân ngữ, chủ thể nhận hay chịu tác động của hành động.

S - V - O → It be O that - S - V

e.g.       She bought the dictionary.   → It was the dictionary that she bought.

4.3. Adverbials focus: Nhấn mạnh tới trạng ngữ.

S - V - A → It be A that S - V

e.g.       We first met in this park.      → It was in this park that we first met.

C. PRACTICE TEST

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

1.      A. facsimile                       B. transfer                  C. spacious                 D. fax

2.      A. ready                            B. friend                     C. telephone               D. speedy

3.      A. subscribe                     B. facsimile                 C. pride                       D. provide

4.      A. spacious                       B. courteous             C. document               D. technology

5.      A. commune                     B. security                  C. punctuality             D. distribute

II. Choose the one word or phrase - A, B, C, or D - that best completes the sentences.

6.      You can subscribe to your favorite newspapers and magazines ______ the nearest post office.

A. in                                  B. on                           C. from                        D. at

7.      He is very capable ______ learning and understanding things.

A. with                              B. of                            C. at                             D. about

8.      Thanh Ba Post Office provides customers ______ the Messenger Call Services.

A. with                              B. for                           C. of                             D. to

9.      The post office offers the ______ Mail Service which is particularly fast.

A. Secure                          B. Efficient                  C. Express                  D. Reliable

10.  We are proud of our ______ staff, who are always friendly and efficient.

A. well-done                     B. well-appointed     C. well-behaved         D. well-trained

11.  The hotel staff are always friendly and courteous.

A. efficient                        B. polite                      C. helpful                    D. perfect

12.  There was no mention of the incident in the national press.

A. television                     B. newspapers           C. Internet                  D. radio

13.  I need to ______ £1,000 to my daughter's account.

A. transfer                        B. transform             C. transmit                  D. transact

14.  ______ to the magazine can take advantage of this special offer.

A. Subscribe                     B. Subscription          C. Subscribing            D. Subscribers

15.  ______ is someone who works from home on computer and communicates with their office by telephone, fax, or e-mail.

A. Telecomputer                          B. Telecommuter       C. Telephonist            D. Telemarketer

III. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence.

16.  My mother, ______ enjoys hill walking.

A. who is in her seventies                                  B. that is in her seventies

C. which is in her seventies                                D. who is in her seventies

17.  She's one of the kindest people ______.

A. that I know                              B. whose I know        C. who I know                        D. which I know

18.  Where is the house ______?

A. where they are living                                     B. which they are living

C. where they are living there                          D. where they are living in

19.  She lives in the house ______.

A. which has the red door B. has the red door  C. that with the red door   D. with its red door

20.  Mark Twain is an author ______ I like best.

A. his books                     B. that books              C. the book of whom             D. whose books

21.  The problem ______ never occurred.

A. I hadn't expected it     B. that I had expected it C. who I had expected     D. I had expected

22.  In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, ______.

A. engineers were educated there                                B. where engineers were educated

C. in which were engineers educated                           D. where were engineers educated

23.  It was the ragtime pianist Scott Joplin ______ the Maple Leaf Rag, perhaps the best known of all ragtime tunes. A. wrote    B. the writer of                      C. who wrote                         D. writing

24.  A keystone species is a species of plants and animals ______ absence has a major effect on an ecological system.  A. that its           B. its                            C. whose                     D. with its

25.  William Samuel Johnson, ______ helped write the Constitution, became the first president of Columbia College in 1787.

A. whom he had             B. who had                             C. and he had                         D. had

III. Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.

26.  Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night because he had an accident on his way to the practice.

A. who usually                 B. choir rehearsals                C. had              D. on his way to the practice

27.  I think whatever was responsible for damaging the trees should be fined or sent to prison.

A. whatever          B. for damaging                     C. be fined                  D. sent to

28.  Now that I no longer have to wear uniform, I'll be able to wear which I want.

A. that                   B. longer                                 C. I'll                            D. which

29.  Ripe fruit is often stored in a place who contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit will not decay too rapidly.  A. Ripe               B. stored                     C. who                         D. rapidly

30.  The town we visited was a four-days journey from our hotel, so we took the train instead of the bus.  A. we visited        B. four-days        C. took                        D. of the

IV. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.

bills       employees   carry      customer    pay      bank          food buys     employer      deposit   system       receives        withdraw

ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER

In the future, machines will take the place of many bank tellers. A new (31)___________ electronic funds transfer (EFT) allows the bank or the (32)___________ to move money from one account to another. For example, a worker (33)___________ her monthly paycheck, her salary. Her (34)___________ , the company that she works for, can (35)___________ her salary into her checking account directly. She does not have to go to the (36)___________. Her bank can also pay her monthly (37)___________ the telephone, the water, the gas, and the electricity. It will also be possible for her to pay for (38)___________ at the supermarket by EFT. The supermarket will automatically (39)___________ money from her account at the bank to pay for the food that she (40)___________.

Some employers already deposit their (41)___________ checks in the bank directly. Maybe, in the future, people will not (42)___________ money, and machines will (43)___________ for everything.

V. Read the passage, decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

THE POSTAGE STAMP

Before the invention of the postage stamp, it was difficult- to send a letter to another country. The sender paid for the letter to travel in his or her own country. Then the person in other country paid for that part of the trip. If the letter crossed several coutries, the problem was worse.

Rowland Hill, a British teacher, had the idea of a postage stamp with glue on the back. The British post office made the first stamps in 1840. They were the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue. A person bought a stamp and put it on a letter. The post office delivered the letter. When people received letters, they didn't- have to pay anything. The letters were prepaid.

Postage stamps became popular in Great Britain immediately.

Other countries started making their own postage stamps very quickly.

There were still problems with -international mail. Some countries did not want to accept letters with stamps from another country. Finally, in 1874 a German organized the Universal Postal System. Each country in the UPS agree to accept letters with prepaid postage from the other members. Today the offices of the UPS are in Switzerland, almost every country in the world is a member of this organization. It takes care of any international mail problems.

Today post offices in the every country sell beautiful stamps. Collecting stamps is one of the most popular hobbies in the world, and every stamp collector knows about the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue.

44.    Before postage stamps, two people paid-for letters to travel in two countries.

45.    A teacher invented the postage stamp.                                  

46.    The first two stamps were colored black and blue.              

47.    A stamp shows that the postage is prepaid.                          

48.    Postage stamps solved all mail problems immediately.       

49.    Members of the UPS accept prepaid letters from other countries.

50.    Stamp collecting is a popular hobby.                          

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